Filisoma

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Filisoma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Palaeacanthocephala
Order: Echinorhynchida
Family: Cavisomidae
Genus: Filisoma
Van Cleave, 1928[1]

Filisoma is a genus in Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms).

Taxonomy[edit]

The genus was described by Van Cleave in 1928. The National Center for Biotechnology Information indicates phylogenetic analysis has been published on any Filisoma species.[2]

Description[edit]

Filisoma species consist of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.

Species[edit]

The genus Filisoma Van Cleave, 1928 contains species.[3]

  • Filisoma acanthocybii Wang, Wang & Wu, 1993[4]
  • Filisoma argusum Kaur, Shamal, Chandran, Sharma & Sanil, 2021[5]
  • Filisoma atropi Wang and Wang, 1988[6]
  • Filisoma bucerium Van Cleave, 1940[7]
  • Filisoma caudatum Costa Fernandes, Amin, Borges & Santos, 2019[8]
  • Filisoma fidum Van Cleve & Manter, 1947[9]
  • Filisoma filiformis Weaver & Smales, 2013
  • Filisoma indicum Van Cleave, 1928[1]
  • Filisoma inglisi Gupta & Naqvi, 1986
  • Filisoma longcementglandatus Amin & Nahhas, 1994[3]
  • Filisoma microcanthi Harada, 1938
  • Filisoma oplegnathi Wang & Wang, 1988
  • Filisoma rizalinum Tubangui & Masiluñgan, 1946
  • Filisoma scatophagusi Datta & Soota, 1962

Distribution[edit]

The distribution of Filisoma is determined by that of its hosts.

Hosts[edit]

Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.[10][a]

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Filisoma are arthropods. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Filisoma.[12]

Filisoma parasitizes animals. There are no reported cases of Filisoma infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[11]

  • Hosts for Filisoma species
  • Two spotted scats in an aquarium
    The spotted scat is a host for F. argusum

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ There are no known aberrant human infections for Filisoma species.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Van Cleave, H. J. (1928). Two new genera and species of Acanthocephala from fishes of India. Records of the Indian Museum. 30(2): 147-149.
  2. ^ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  3. ^ a b Amin OM, Nahhas FM. Acanthocephala of marine fishes off Fiji Islands, with descriptions of Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp., Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. (Cavisomidae), and gravid females of Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni (Rhadinorhynchidae); and keys to species of the genera Filisoma and Neorhadinorhynchus. J Parasitol. 1994 Oct;80(5):768-74. PMID: 7931911.
  4. ^ Wang, Y.; Wang, P.; Wu, D. (1993). On some Echinorhynchoidea parasites from marine fishes of Fujian Province, China. Wuyi Science Journal. 10(B): 29-39.
  5. ^ Kaur P, Shamal P, Chandran A, Sharma SRK, Sanil NK. Characterization of Filisoma argusum n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Cavisomatidae Meyer, 1932) infecting the spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) from the Indian coast. Parasitol Res. 2021 Jul;120(7):2505-2521. doi: 10.1007/s00436-021-07207-7. Epub 2021 Jun 25. PMID: 34170388.
  6. ^ Wang, Y.; Wang, P. (1988). Notes on Acanthocephala from Fujian, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science). 4(3), 80-86.
  7. ^ Van Cleave, H.J. (1940). The Acanthocephala collected by the Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 1934. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. 2:499-527.
  8. ^ Costa Fernandes, V. S.; Amin, O.; Borges, J. N.; Santos, C. P. (2019). A New Species of the Acanthocephalan Genus Filisoma (Cavisomidae) from Perciform Fishes in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Parasitologica. , available online at https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-018-00019-3
  9. ^ Van Cleave, H.J. and Manter, H.W. (1947). A new species of the acanthocephalan genus Filisoma from the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Journal of Parasitology. 33: 487-490.
  10. ^ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (11 April 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  11. ^ a b Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC 8525584. PMID 34076470.
  12. ^ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.

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