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Julio Grave de Peralta

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Julio Grave de Peralta
Birth nameJulio Grave de Peralta y Zayas[1]
BornApril 24, 1834
Holguín, Cuba
DiedJune 1872
Guantánamo Province, Cuba
Allegiance Republic of Cuba
Service/branchMambises
RankGeneral
Battles/warsTen Years' War

Julio Grave de Peralta was a Cuban-born army general who was killed in combat during the Ten Years' War.

Early life[edit]

Julio Grave de Peralta was born in Holguín, Cuba on April 24, 1834.[2] He was the uncle of the former Mayor of Havana, Perfecto Lacoste.[3]

Ten Years' War[edit]

Between October 17, 1868, and November 6, 1868, Holguín was besieged in a pro-independence uprising by Cuban forces led by Julio Grave de Peralta, shortly after the Ten Years' War began.[4]

Fannie Expedition[edit]

On June 6, 1872, an expedition led by General Grave de Peralta and Colonel William A.C. Ryan embarked from New York aboard the filibustering steamer known as the "Fannie."[5] Following its departure from the United States for Cuba, the vessel became aground on a reef and ended up twelve miles northwest of Baracoa on June 22, 1872. The crew worked for thirty hours to get the Fannie off the reef, but as coal was being thrown overboard, the vessel caught fire and burned.[6] As a result of the Fannie's grounding, the vessel landed its cargo of war material and 56 Cuban Mambí fighters under the command of Grave De Peralta. Once the filibusters made landfall, they buried the vessel's arms and ammunition in the woods.[5] Jose Valera, a high-ranking Spanish army officer, along with the forces under his command in that jurisdiction saw the burning vessel. In the initial engagement, the Spanish troops killed Grave de Peralta and captured five others.[7] The prisoners led Valera to the buried cargo who subsequently seized the arms and ammunition as well as important correspondence for Carlos Manuel de Céspedes that was on the fallen general.[8] Among the documents captured were some blank commissions and a number of proclamations signed by Grave de Peralta.[9]

Following his death, General Julio Grave de Peralta was succeeded by General Máximo Gómez.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Castellanos G., C. G. (1935). Panorama histórico: ensayo de cronología cubana, desde 1492 hasta 1933. Cuba: Ucar, García y cía..
  2. ^ Rosete Silva, H. (1996). En el diario de su edad: la invasión cien años después. Cuba: Ediciones Abril.
  3. ^ "Goletas y canoas mambisas: una historia olvidada". radioangulo.cu. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  4. ^ Angulo, F. J. P. (2022). Volunteers of the Empire: War, Identity, and Spanish Imperialism, 1855-1898. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  5. ^ a b "The Filibuster Fannie; Official Report by the Spanish Authorities; 1872, New York Herald. (July 5, 1872) - Newspapers.com™". newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  6. ^ New York Herald. (July 13, 1872). The Filibuster Fannie; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-the-filibuster-fannie-1/148929493/
  7. ^ Western Daily Press. (July 5, 1872). Spain; Julio Grave de Peralta; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/western-daily-press-spain-julio-grave-d/148918333/
  8. ^ Public Ledger. (July 3, 1872). Latest Telegrams; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/public-ledger-latest-telegrams-1872/148929234/
  9. ^ New York Daily Herald. (July 20, 1872). The Fannie's Failure; More Particulars About the Mismanaged Cuban Expedition; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-daily-herald-the-fannies-failu/148929640/
  10. ^ Stinchcombe, A. L. (1995). Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World. Ukraine: Princeton University Press.
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